Abstract

The evolution of Mobile Networks and Internet of Things (IoT) architectures allows one to rethink the way smart cities infrastructures are designed and managed, and solve a number of problems in terms of human mobility. The territories that adopt the sensoring era can take advantage of this disruptive technology to improve the quality of mobility of their citizens and the rationalization of their resources. However, with this rapid development of smart terminals and infrastructures, as well as the proliferation of diversified applications, even current networks may not be able to completely meet quickly rising human mobility demands. Thus, they are facing many challenges and to cope with these challenges, different standards and projects have been proposed so far. Accordingly, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been utilized as a new paradigm for the design and optimization of mobile networks with a high level of intelligence. The objective of this work is to identify and discuss the challenges of mobile networks, alongside IoT and AI, to characterize smart human mobility and to discuss some workable solutions to these challenges. Finally, based on this discussion, we propose paths for future smart human mobility researches.

Highlights

  • In the rise of the digital age, technology is placed at the heart of our society, from working to human mobility

  • Note that network functions virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN) facilitate fast switching, while the user–device transits through the network, facilitating network programmability. These service migration strategies of 5G will greatly enhance the quality of service (QoS) at the same time that users crossover to another public land mobile network (PLMN) and lead to a change in the edge cloud that serves them during human mobility [90]

  • In order to better understand the point at which we are at the level of coverage brought by 5G together with emerging technologies and which allows a wide study of human mobility, we should compare it to previous wireless generations

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Summary

Introduction

In the rise of the digital age, technology is placed at the heart of our society, from working to human mobility. These activities of the information fusion process lead to an increase in the number of connected users due to the trust in this process and the performance and the capacity of IoT smart applications That this huge demand for interconnected devices is not compromised in terms of performance, simultaneous connection and response time to user requests, reducing latency to the final users and the deployed sensors, a set of requirements should be considered like spectral efficiency, signaling efficiency, great data rate and security. IoT has an impact on society, making it hyperconnected; mobile technology is more present than ever, anytime and anywhere, the wireless network reaches a considerable area and AI is increasingly a partner of prediction and guidance to the human. To present new smart human mobility solutions, we discuss future directions towards new mobile technologies

Fundamental Requirements of Smart Human Mobility
Ubiquitous Networking for the Internet of Things
Urban Scenario
Remote or Rural Scenario
Metrics in Human Mobility Data Network
Human Mobility Data Sources
Human Mobility Metrics
Human Mobility Modeling and Prediction
Challenges and Opportunities
Models and Methods
Human Mobility Research in Evolution Mobile Network
Human Mobility Research from 1G to 4G
Components of 5G Physical Infrastructure
Open Challenges and Human Mobility Research Directions
Emerging Technologies in Human Mobility
The Impact of Human Mobility and IoT on Mobile Networks
Integration of Emerging IoT Communication Technologies
Cellular Networks Technologies
Coverage Human Mobility Comparison
User Mobility and Data Rates
Findings
Conclusions
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