Abstract
With the widespread use of multimedia contents via mobile nodes (MNs), IP mobile multicast becomes more important for wireless, mobile, and ubiquitous multimedia applications. Until now, many research efforts have been made to provide IP multicast for the MNs. However, the existing mobile multicast schemes mostly focus on the mobility of receivers based on the host-based mobility solution that requires the MN to participate in the mobility management. Recent work has shown that service connectivity for mobile multicast sources is still a problem and attracts very little concern. With the development of the network-based mobility support protocol, mobile multicast source support schemes in Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) networks are needed urgently. In this paper, we propose a base solution (BS) and also a direct multicast routing scheme (DMRS) for mobile multicast source support in PMIPv6 networks. In the BS, the multicast listener discover (MLD) proxy function is adopted to transmit multicast data through the PMIPv6 tunnel. The DMRS can provide locally optimized traffic flows and avoid inefficient routing present in the BS. We evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed schemes with the Mobile IP bidirectional tunneling (MIP-BT) and Mobile IP remote subscription (MIP-RS) schemes by theoretical analysis and also implement the proposed schemes on the test-bed. The numerical results show that the BS and DMRS outperform the MIP-BT and MIP-RS in terms of signaling cost. Meanwhile, the experimental results verify the feasibility and validity of our proposed schemes. Furthermore, we study the optimal PMIPv6 domain size to reduce the total signaling cost for the proposed schemes.
Highlights
With the rapid development of the Internet, a large number of multimedia services emerge endlessly; and some application services, such as video on demand, television broadcasting, video conferencing, and online distance education, require that multiple subscribers can receive the same data simultaneously
The total costs in the base solution (BS) and direct multicast routing scheme (DMRS) are lower than the Mobile IP bidirectional tunneling (MIP-BT) and Mobile IP remote subscription (MIP-RS)
Since the handover from the source registration (SR) to the shortest path tree (SPT) in the BS is so fast that we could not get the results in the SR case accurately, the results of the BS are in the SPT case
Summary
With the rapid development of the Internet, a large number of multimedia services emerge endlessly; and some application services, such as video on demand, television broadcasting, video conferencing, and online distance education, require that multiple subscribers can receive the same data simultaneously. Current IP multicast technology is only applicable to the wired IP network and is unable to meet the requirements of the wireless and mobile networks. Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) [4], a network-based mobility protocol, is proposed to provide the mobility support for the MNs without the involvement of MN and avoids the deployment issue in MIPv6. In order to study the mobile multicast issues based on PMIPv6, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) established a new working group Multicast Mobility (MULTIMOB) in 2009. Current mobile multicast technologies mostly focus on the mobility of the receivers based on MIPv6, and there are only a few relevant schemes for multicast source mobility
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