Abstract
The surface conditions of road pavements, including the occurrence and severity of distresses present on the surface, are an important indicator of pavement performance. Periodic monitoring and condition assessment is an essential requirement for the safety of vehicles moving on that road and the wellbeing of people. The traditional characterization of the different types of distress often involves complex activities, sometimes inefficient and risky, as they interfere with road traffic. The mobile laser systems (MLS) are now widely used to acquire detailed information about the road surface in terms of a three-dimensional point cloud. Despite its increasing use, there are still no standards for the acquisition and processing of the data collected. The aim of our work was to develop a procedure for processing the data acquired by MLS, in order to identify the localized degradations that mostly affect safety. We have studied the data flow and implemented several processing algorithms to identify and quantify a few types of distresses, namely potholes and swells/shoves, starting from very dense point clouds. We have implemented data processing in four steps: (i) editing of the point cloud to extract only the points belonging to the road surface, (ii) determination of the road roughness as deviation in height of every single point of the cloud with respect to the modeled road surface, (iii) segmentation of the distress (iv) computation of the main geometric parameters of the distress in order to classify it by severity levels. The results obtained by the proposed methodology are promising. The procedures implemented have made it possible to correctly segmented and identify the types of distress to be analyzed, in accordance with the on-site inspections. The tests carried out have shown that the choice of the values of some parameters to give as input to the software is not trivial: the choice of some of them is based on considerations related to the nature of the data, for others, it derives from the distress to be segmented. Due to the different possible configurations of the various distresses it is better to choose these parameters according to the boundary conditions and not to impose default values. The test involved a 100-m long urban road segment, the surface of which was measured with an MLS installed on a vehicle that traveled the road at 10 km/h.
Highlights
The civil infrastructure pavement has a life cycle in many stages including design, construction, use and end-of-life
Since all pavements deteriorate over time, according to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) their monitoring is essential for road maintenance [1,2]
In the technical literature several definitions of regularity can be found: the Technical Committee of the Permanent International Association of Road Congresses (PIARC), for example, in a report on surface characteristics published as a result of the Word Road Congress held in Brussels in 1987 [4] proposed a classification of surface geometrical characteristics of pavement according to geometric resolution within certain wavelength classes
Summary
The civil infrastructure pavement has a life cycle in many stages including design, construction (which includes new construction as well as preservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation), use and end-of-life. In the technical literature several definitions of regularity can be found: the Technical Committee of the Permanent International Association of Road Congresses (PIARC), for example, in a report on surface characteristics published as a result of the Word Road Congress held in Brussels in 1987 [4] proposed a classification of surface geometrical characteristics of pavement according to geometric resolution (horizontal and vertical) within certain wavelength classes. Other organizations provide their own definitions: the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the ISO-13473 standards defines the surface roughness as the deviations of a surface from a true planar surface [5]. Still different is the definition of regularity given by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM E 867), which associates it with the effects it has on vehicle dynamics [6]
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