Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop of dry land yielding very high quality of edible oil. Present study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 131 safflower accessions originating from 28 different countries using 13 iPBS-retrotransposon markers. A total of 295 iPBS bands were observed among which 275 (93.22%) were found polymorphic. Mean Polymorphism information content (0.48) and diversity parameters including mean effective number of alleles (1.33), mean Shannon’s information index (0.33), overall gene diversity (0.19), Fstatistic (0.21), and inbreeding coefficient (1.00) reflected the presence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in the studied plant materials. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that more than 40% of genetic variation was derived from populations. Model-based structure, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) algorithms clustered the 131 safflower accessions into four main populations A, B, C, D and an unclassified population, with no meaningful geographical origin. Most diverse accessions originated from Asian countries including Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Turkey, and India. Four accessions, Turkey3, Afghanistan4, Afghanistan2, and Pakistan24 were found most genetically distant and might be recommended as a candidate parents for breeding purposes. The findings of this study are most probably supported by the seven similarity centers hypothesis of safflower. This is a first study to explore the genetic diversity and population structure in safflower accessions using the iPBS-retrotransposon markers. The information provided in this work will therefore be helpful for scientists interested in safflower breeding.
Highlights
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) belongs to the Compositae family, it is self-pollinated and has a haploid genome size of about 1.4 GB and 2n = 24 chromosomes [1]
Final DNA concentration for the 131 accession samples to be used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) was adjusted to 5 ng/μL; the samples were stored at -25 oC till the start of PCR amplifications
Houmanat et al [51] found lower Polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.23 relative to this study, using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers in safflower. These results clearly suggest that more diverse Inter-primer binding site (iPBS)-retrotransposon markers loci can be identified and effectively used as a tool for assessing genetic diversity and other investigations relying on genetic variants
Summary
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) belongs to the Compositae family, it is self-pollinated and has a haploid genome size of about 1.4 GB and 2n = 24 chromosomes [1] This crop is cultivated over wide geographical zones throughout the world for several uses including production of dyes, extraction of edible oil, and various medicinal utilizations [2]. The enhanced acceptability and utilization of safflower as an oilseed crop will require genetic improvement for the traits of interest To this end, genetic diversity can be an effective approach by providing a good source of variations upon which breeding programs can build [9]. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of safflower accessions using iPBS-retrotransposons as a start for further scientific investigations and practical breeding use cases
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