Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) drive important ecological relationships in microbial communities and pathogen-host interaction. In this study, we investigated the resistome-associated mobilome in 345 publicly available Pasteurellaceae genomes, a large family of Gram-negative bacteria including major human and animal pathogens. We generated a comprehensive dataset of the mobilome integrated into genomes, including 10,820 insertion sequences, 2,939 prophages, and 43 integrative and conjugative elements. Also, we assessed plasmid sequences of Pasteurellaceae. Our findings greatly expand the diversity of MGEs for the family, including a description of novel elements. We discovered that MGEs are comparable and dispersed across species and that they also co-occur in genomes, contributing to the family’s ecology via gene transfer. In addition, we investigated the impact of these elements in the dissemination and shaping of AMR genes. A total of 55 different AMR genes were mapped to 721 locations in the dataset. MGEs are linked with 77.6% of AMR genes discovered, indicating their important involvement in the acquisition and transmission of such genes. This study provides an uncharted view of the Pasteurellaceae by demonstrating the global distribution of resistance genes linked with MGEs.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the biggest global threats to health and food safety, continues to be driven by misuse of antimicrobials in humans and animals
We discovered that most AMR genes found in Pasteurellaceae genomes are associated with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and plasmids since few AMR genes were found in genomes lacking these mobile genetic elements (MGEs)
Our results have shown that most AMR genes are associated with MGEs, dissemination of these elements from veterinary to human pathogens, a concern that is directly related to the One Health concept (Hernando-Amado et al, 2019), does not appear to be common within the Pasteurellaceae, our analyzes have shown that some ICEs are widely disseminated among Pasteurellaceae species
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the biggest global threats to health and food safety, continues to be driven by misuse of antimicrobials in humans and animals. The acquisition of AMR genes carried on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) can lead to the establishment of multidrug resistance (MDR) (Nikaido, 2009). The collection of all AMR genes is known as the resistome (Wright, 2007) and the entire set of MGEs in a genome defines the mobilome (Siefert, 2009). MGEs are essential in microbial ecology because of their capacity to transfer genes with different roles throughout microbial populations (Rankin et al, 2011). Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms, i.e., conjugation, transduction, transformation, and vesiduction (Soler and Forterre, 2020), mediate dispersion of MGEs, often leading to bacterial evolution, as the introduction of foreign sequences into novel genomic locations can alter phenotypes (Frost et al, 2005; Carr et al, 2021). Larger MGEs can carry AMR genes between
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