Abstract

In the environments where the source nodes are close to one another and generate a lot of sensory data traffic with redundancy, transmitting all sensory data by individual nodes not only wastes the scarce wireless bandwidth, but also consumes a lot of battery energy. Instead of each source node sending sensory data to its sink for aggregation (the so-called client/server computing), Qi et al. in 2003 proposed a mobile agent (MA)-based distributed sensor network (MADSN) for collaborative signal and information processing, which considerably reduces the sensory data traffic and query latency as well. However, MADSN is based on the assumption that the operation of mobile agent is only carried out within one hop in a clustering-based architecture. This paper considers MA in multihop environments and adopts directed diffusion (DD) to dispatch MA. The gradient in DD gives a hint to efficiently forward the MA among target sensors. The mobile agent paradigm in combination with the DD framework is dubbed mobile agent-based directed diffusion (MADD). With appropriate parameters set, extensive simulation shows that MADD exhibits better performance than original DD (in the client/server paradigm) in terms of packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, and end-to-end delivery latency.

Highlights

  • Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in deploying a sheer number of microsensors that collaborate in a distributed manner on sensing, data gathering, and processing

  • mobile agent-based distributed sensor network (MADSN) operates based on the following assumptions: (1) the sensor network architecture is clustering based; (2) source nodes are within one hop from a clusterhead; (3) much redundancy exists among the sensory data which can be fused into a single data packet with a fixed size

  • These assumptions pose much limitation on the range of applications which can be supported by MADSN

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in deploying a sheer number of microsensors that collaborate in a distributed manner on sensing, data gathering, and processing. As being unattended after deployment, they are constrained in energy supply (e.g., small battery capacity) These characteristics of sensor networks require energy awareness at most layers of protocol stacks. MADSN operates based on the following assumptions: (1) the sensor network architecture is clustering based; (2) source nodes are within one hop from a clusterhead; (3) much redundancy exists among the sensory data which can be fused into a single data packet with a fixed size. These assumptions pose much limitation on the range of applications which can be supported by MADSN. This limitation of clustering can be addressed by a flat sensor

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RELATED WORK
OVERVIEW OF THE MADD DESIGN
Application redundancy eliminating by MA-assisted local processing
Aggregation
Efficient routing
Algorithm overview
Mobile agent packet format
Detailed illustration of MADD protocol and gradient-based MA routing
Performance analysis
Simulation settings
App manager module: application-specific in-network processing
Performance metrics
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Comparison of MADD and DD with variable duration of task
Comparison of MADD and DD with variable MA accessing delay
Comparison of MADD and DD with variable size of sensed data
CONCLUSIONS
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