Abstract
Disasters could cause communication systems partially or completely down. In such a case, relief operations need a rapidly deployed communication system to save lives. Exchanging information among the rescue team is a vital factor to make important decisions. Communication system required to be robust to failures, rapidly deployable, easily maintainable to provide better services. Wireless ad-hoc networks could be the choice of establishing communication with the aid of existing infrastructure in a post-disaster case. In order to optimize mobile ad-hoc network performance, address the challenges that could lead to unreliable performance is required. One and most crucial key challenge is routing information from a sender to receiver. Due to the characteristics of a disaster environment such as signal attenuation, communication links exist between rescue crew is short-lived, suffer from frequent route breakage, and may result in unreliable end-to-end services. Many routing protocols have been proposed and evaluated in different network environments. This paper presents the basic taxonomy of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and the state of the art in routing categorizes (Proactive, Reactive, Geographic-aware and Delay tolerant Networks (DTN)). The comparison of existing routing protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks indicates that overhead in Proactive and Geographic is competitive with delay in Reactive and DTN routing.
Highlights
A disaster while if it is natural or manmade creates an area in emergence needs for food, medical demands, and rescue operations
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: An overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) characteristics and protocols theories are presented in Section 2, while section 3 provides a review of some selected MANET routing protocols and emphasis on protocols that have been proposed recently, classify them into four classes: proactive, reactive, geographic and Delay Tolerant Network Protocols (DTN) routing protocols
Where: PDR refer to Packet Delivery Ratio, NRL refer to Normalized Routing Load, Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) refer to Packet loss Ratio, and E2E Delay is End to End Delay
Summary
A disaster while if it is natural or manmade creates an area in emergence needs for food, medical demands, and rescue operations. It is of crucial importance to have the ability to communicate among the military nodes in a hostile area where there is no previously installed network. A collection of diverse nodes could communicate in a trip, conference, taxi network, meeting rooms, sports stadiums, boats, small aircraft, or in emergency conditions, for example, a disaster recovery, fire, or earthquake without any infrastructure installation [8]. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: An overview of MANET characteristics and protocols theories are presented, while section 3 provides a review of some selected MANET routing protocols and emphasis on protocols that have been proposed recently, classify them into four classes: proactive, reactive, geographic and DTN routing protocols.
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