Abstract
dilation, cholangioscopy, and plastic stent placement were associated with higher radiation exposure. Furthermore, ERCP procedures that are moderately difficult, very difficult, involve magnification or high resolution images also lead to higher radiation exposure. Special care should be taken in these settings to minimize radiation exposure to both the patient and endoscopists. Table 1. Risk Factors for ERCP Radiation (Fluoroscopy Time) by Multivariate Analysis www.giejournal.org Parameter Estimate t-value p-value Indication CBD Stone -29.19 40.75 0.47 CBD Stricture 137.73370 3.25 0.0014 Pancreatic Stricture 121.90852 1.59 0.1131 Cholangitis -94.06 -1.41 0.1592 SOD -44.52257 -0.67 0.5067 Ampullary Neoplasm -50.39404 -0.66 0.5127 Procedure Balloon Sweep -67.96689 -1.90 0.0587 Sphincterotomy -52.60458 -1.61 0.1097 Dilation 182.06995 4.56 !0.0001 Cholangioscopy 129.80608 2.23 0.0268 Plastic Stent 78.92278 2.30 0.0224 Characteristic Moderately difficult 146.58358 4.39 !0.0001 Very difficult 332.81081 7.13 !0.0001 Magnification used 146.05957 3.70 0.0003 Hires image taken 90.29533 2.56 0.0111 CBD, common bile duct; SOD, Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Table 2. Risk Factors for ERCP Radiation (Fluoroscopy Air Kerma Reference Dose) by Multivariate Analysis Parameter Estimate t-value p-value
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