MO111: Hyperuricaemia and Risk of Simple Renal Cysts

Abstract

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationship between hyperuricaemia and renal cysts is still insufficient. Simple renal cysts (SRCs) are the most common non-hereditary type of benign renal cysts in adults. The prevalence of SRC varies by population, geographic region and the imaging modality used. The overall prevalence of SRC is 4–12% in general populations. Most SRCs are asymptomatic, being accidentally detected by abdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography during a medical check-up. However, some cysts tend to increase in size and can be sufficiently large to cause pain, haematuria and/or urinary obstruction. The aim of this study is to compare the risk of SRC in patients with and without hyperuricaemia. METHOD We retrospectively collected data on 246 non-smoking males (age 30–70 years) with SRC without hypertension, obesity and renal stones. In this study, patients with previous therapy with uric acid-lowering medication; patients with current acute complications of diabetes or urinary tract infections; and patients with cancer, blood disease, polycystic kidney disease, solitary kidney, urinary tract stenosis or kidney diseases were excluded. Albuminuria was defined as 24-h urine microalbuminuria of 30 mg and higher. SRCs were detected by ultrasonography. The sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of SRC included absent internal echoes, a smooth, sharply defined wall and posterior acoustic enhancement, indicating posterior through transmission that was not suspicious for a malignant renal mass. SPSS 22 for windows was used for analysing the study data. Chi-square and exact Fisher's tests were utilized, while continuous variables were assessed by Student's t-test. A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS SRC prevalence was significantly higher in hyperuricaemic (174 patients) than normouricemic subjects. Age (OR 1042, 95% CI 1032–1061, P < .001) and albuminuria (OR 1189, 95% CI 1176–1892, P < 05) are independent risk factors for SRC development. Patients with SRC and hyperuricaemia were more likely to be elderly males, and exhibited a longer duration of lower eGFR and higher serum uric acid, γ-glutamyl transferase, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma glucose level compared with those without SRC. The risk of SRC increased when the serum uric acid is more 460 μmol/L. CONCLUSION Of the 246 non-smoking males with SRC, 176 have hyperuricaemia. Patients who had a SRC were significantly older than patients without SRC (mean 58.27 versus 43.18 years), with lower glomerular filtration rate, more often suffer from coronary heart disease. Therefore, even asymptomatic hyperuricaemia requires standardized uric acid-lowering treatment to prevent the occurrence of SRC. According to our results, SRC patients should be careful to use uricosuric drugs.