Abstract
Binary and ternary alloys of molybdenum with iron-group metals were electrodeposited on the copper cathode from baths containing molybdic acid, iron-group metal (II) sulfate, potassium sodium tartrate (as a complexing agent) and ammonium hydroxide (for adjusting pH of the solution 10.5) under galvanostatic conditions, and the relationships between the composition of electrodeposited alloys and the cathode current efficiency were studied. With increasing molybdenum content of the alloys, the partial current efficiency of molybdenum tended to increase first and then decrease to nearly zero after a maximum was achieved. This showed the existence of two characteristic alloy compositions, i.e., the content of molybdenum at a maximum partial current efficiency of molybdenum and the one at the upper limit of molybdenum deposition. These characteristic composition were in good agreement with the calculated ones based on the number of unpaired 3 d electrons of iron-group metals. Further studies on the electrodeposition of nickel-zinc-molybdenum alloys indicated that electrodeposition of molybdenum ceased when the alloy composition was achieved, in which atomic ratio of zinc to nickel corresponded to the one that the positive holes in 3 d band of nickel were filled up with 4 s electrons of zinc. Thus, unpaired 3 d electrons of freshly deposited iron-group metals appeared to play an important roles in the induced codeposition of molybdenum.
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