Abstract
Time-resolved (TR) photoluminescence (PL) technique has shown great promise in ultrasensitive biodetection and high-resolution bioimaging. Hitherto, almost all the TRPL bioprobes are based on the parity-forbidden f→f transition of lanthanide ions. Herein, we report TRPL biosensing by taking advantage of the d→d transition of transition metal (TM) Mn2+ ion. We demonstrate that the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal can be distinguished from that of radiative reabsorption process through measuring the PL lifetime of Mn2+, thus establishing a reliable method for Mn2+ in homogeneous TR-FRET biodetection. We also demonstrate the biotin receptor-targeted cancer cell imaging by utilizing biotinylated CaF2:Ce,Mn nanoprobes. Furthermore, we show in a proof-of-concept experiment the application of the long-lived PL of Mn2+ for TRPL bioimaging through the burst shot with a cell phone. These findings provide a general approach for exploiting the long-lived PL of TM ions for TRPL biosensing, thereby opening up a new avenue for the exploration of novel and versatile applications of TM ions.
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