Abstract

The special scales developed from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) merit attention apart from the other scales that will be reviewed. These scales have a number of characteristics in common. To begin with, the scales are embedded in MMPI and CPI general administration and scoring; that is, the entire MMPI or CPI is administered, almost always in groups, to the target population, and then these special scales are scored. The embeddedness is an important factor since it is possible that scales administered separately out of the context of the whole instrument are not comparable to original embedded administrations. Dahlstrom, Welsh, and Dahlstrom (1972) note that “the effects of administering the items of a single scale out of the context of the rest of the item pool have not been established or studied systematically” (p. 18). They do go on to observe that some preliminary research on separate scale administration has been reassuring.

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