Abstract
For decades high voltage alternating current (HVAC) was considered as most economical solution to transmit and deliver electric power. With the recent developments in power electronic devices, high voltage direct current (HVDC) system becomes most prominent technology. Multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) based system as a promising technology for future power system is the major focus area for researchers and industries these days. A number of MTDC systems have been implemented physically. The major motivation to construct such MTDC systems is the integration of large-scale offshore power sources such as wind turbines and solar systems. This article discusses the most critical challenges and issues related to operation, control and protection schemes for integration of modular multi-level converter (MMC) based MTDC systems. At first detailed literature survey has been presented to show the challenges for MMC based MTDC systems, then an analysis related to those challenges for operation, control and protection schemes for existing MMC based MTDC systems has been provided. Finally, a road map to tackle such challenges has been suggested.
Highlights
Due to increased demand of electric power, the power sector industry is moving towards generation of electric power through renewable energy sources
Multiple power sources can be interconnected by means of VSC Multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) and modular multi-level converter (MMC) based MTDC systems
The main contribution of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on those issues and challenges for operation, control and protection of MMC based MTDC grids
Summary
Due to increased demand of electric power, the power sector industry is moving towards generation of electric power through renewable energy sources. The main contribution of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on those issues and challenges for operation, control and protection of MMC based MTDC grids. VSC and MMC technology can address other conventional grid issues, such as asynchronous ties, back to back AC connection, system voltage and frequency support They are suitable for integration of offshore wind power plants. In order to enhance security of MTDC grids in fault condition, [112] proposed a sensitivity based method for optimal location and setting of multi type power flow control (PFC). Efficient control strategies are required to be developed to elaborate the complete dynamics of power converters in MTDC systems. Further developments should consider the dynamic analysis of a more advanced energy management in MMCs, where the energy sum and difference are explicitly controlled to obtain optimal stability requirements for MTDC system
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