Mixture of Gaussians in the open quantum random walks

Abstract

We discuss the Gaussian and the mixture of Gaussians in the limit of open quantum random walks. The central limit theorems for the open quantum random walks under certain conditions were proven by Attal et al (Ann Henri Poincare 16(1):15–43, 2015) on the integer lattices and by Ko et al (Quantum Inf Process 17(7):167, 2018) on the crystal lattices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the general situation. We see that the Gaussian and the mixture of Gaussians in the limit depend on the structure of the invariant states of the intrinsic quantum Markov semigroup whose generator is given by the Kraus operators which generate the open quantum random walks. Some concrete models are considered for the open quantum random walks on the crystal lattices. Due to the intrinsic structure of the crystal lattices, we can conveniently construct the dynamics as we like. Here, we consider the crystal lattices of $$\mathbb {Z}^2$$ with intrinsic two points, hexagonal, triangular, and Kagome lattices. We also discuss Fourier analysis on the crystal lattices which gives another method to get the limit theorems.