Mixed volcanogenic–lithogenic sources for Permian bauxite deposits in southwestern Youjiang Basin, South China, and their metallogenic significance

Abstract

Bauxite deposits at the base of the Upper Permian Heshan Formation in the Youjiang Basin, South China, contain zircons with dominant age peaks at 263–262Ma. During the Middle to Late Permian, the Youjiang Basin consisted of a number of isolated and attached carbonate platforms separated by inter-platform troughs. The bauxite deposits are limited to the isolated carbonate platform facies and are not present on attached carbonate platforms and inter-platform troughs. Discriminant plots based on the trace element composition of the zircons indicate a combination of within-plate/anorogenic and arc-related/orogenic sources. Geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the metallogenic materials of the bauxite deposit came from felsic volcanic rocks of the Emeishan Large Igneous Provence (ELIP) in South China and from the Truong Son volcanic arc located between the South China and Indochina cratons. The northwestern and southeastern parts of the Youjiang Basin received larger amounts of ELIP detritus and volcanic arc detritus, respectively. Coarser siliciclastic material in proximal attached carbonate platform and inter-platform trough settings was delivered by rivers, but finer siliciclastics that accumulated on distally located carbonate platforms in isolated deep-water areas was probably transported by wind.