Abstract
Abstract Mixed gel electrolytes were fabricated chemically at a temperature range of 2–5°C using some additives comparing with traditional electrolytes (1.26 g/cm3 H2SO4). The polyacrylamide (PAM) content is kept constant (0.2 wt%), while the propylene glycol (PPG) and nano fumed silica (NFS) contents varied. The material characteristics of samples were assessed by physical appearance observation, electrochemical measurements, and physicochemical methods. The results showed that a hard gel without separation of solutions was found in the case using a PAM/PPG/NFS ternary additive (0.2/0.1/0.6 wt%). The morphological structure (<50 nm) of mixed gel electrolytes was in the range of nanometer. The gas release on the PbSb electrode was strongly inhibited (92.2–93.7% for O2 and ∼55% for H2 at the 120th cycle), which will both contributes to reducing the pressure as well as limiting water loss in the sealed lead acid battery, compared with that in the sulfuric acid medium.
Highlights
Mixed gel electrolytes were fabricated chemically at a temperature range of 2–5°C using some additives comparing with traditional electrolytes (1.26 g/cm3 H2SO4)
The results showed that the lowest K value (0.1217 mol/s1/2) belongs to the sample containing the single PAM (0.2 wt%) and the highest one (0.2625 mol/s1/2) indicates the combination of ternary additive (PAM, nano fumed silica (NFS), and propylene glycol (PPG) with 0.2, 0.8, and 0.1 wt%, respectively)
The results showed that the diffusion capacity of HSO−4 ions in the mixed gel electrolyte was improved better by adding NFS whether PPG is present
Summary
Abstract: Mixed gel electrolytes were fabricated chemically at a temperature range of 2–5°C using some additives comparing with traditional electrolytes (1.26 g/cm H2SO4). The polyacrylamide (PAM) content is kept constant (0.2 wt%), while the propylene glycol (PPG) and nano fumed silica (NFS) contents varied. The results showed that a hard gel without separation of solutions was found in the case using a PAM/PPG/NFS ternary additive (0.2/0.1/0.6 wt%). The morphological structure (
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