Mixed convective slip flow of hybrid nanofluid (MWCNTs + Cu + Water), nanofluid (MWCNTs + Water) and base fluid (Water): a comparative investigation

Abstract

Here, we addressed comparative investigation of hybrid nanofluid (MWCNTs + Cu + Water), nanofluid (MWCNTs + Water) and base fluid (Water). Flow is due to curved sheet. Flow via slip boundary condition is examined. Heat transport analysis is carried out in the presence of viscous dissipation, mixed convection and convective boundary condition. Transformation procedure is adopted for converting PDEs (continuity eq., momentum eq., energy eq. and boundary conditions) into ODEs. These nonlinear coupled ODEs are solved via shooting method with RK-4 algorithms (bvp4c). Behaviors of involved parameters on flow, Nusselt number (heat transfer rate), temperature and skin friction coefficient are analyzed graphically. Velocity of fluid enhances with increment in nanoparticles volume fraction for multi-walled CNTs, nanoparticle volume fraction for Cu and mixed convection parameter, while it can be reduced via higher estimations of velocity slip parameter. Temperature of the fluid varies directly with an increase in nanoparticles volume fraction for multi-walled CNTs, nanoparticle volume fraction for Cu, Eckert number and thermal Biot number. Skin friction coefficient is reduced via higher mixed convection as well as velocity slip parameters. Nusselt number intensifies with increment in nanoparticles volume fraction for multi-walled CNTs, nanoparticle volume fraction for Cu, Eckert and thermal Biot numbers. During comparative study amongst hybrid nanomaterial, nanomaterial and base fluid, efficient behavior is noted for hybrid nanomaterial.