Mixed Convective Flow of Tri-Hybrid Nanofluid TiO2–Al2O3–SiO2/H2O Past a Variably Thicked Stretching Sheet with Newtonian Heating

Abstract

Tri-hybrid nanofluids are formed by involving three different types of nanoparticles in the base fluid. In recent years, studies have been done to properly understand the factors that affect the heat transfer properties of these tri-hybrid nanofluids under various circumstances. The purpose of this study is to execute a study on an advanced tri-hybrid nanofluid model for heat transfer. No previous analysis has been executed for the flow of tri-hybrid nanofluid TiO2–Al2O3–SiO2/H2O past a variably thickened stretching sheet with the inclusion of Newtonian heating, magnetic field, mixed convection, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation. This investigation confronts the heat transfer characteristics of boundary layer mixed convective flow of TiO2–Al2O3–SiO2/H2O tri-hybrid nanofluid on a variably thickened stretching sheet along with the inclusion of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and Newtonian heating. The ruling boundary layer equations are manipulated into an arrangement of ODEs using appropriate similarity transformations which are worked out with the bvp4c program in MATLAB for solutions. The plots obtained reveal that the variation in the non-dimensional discrete parameters induced in the investigation significantly affects the flow inside the boundary layer. The variation in Cfx and Nux are presented via 3D graphs. The reason for picking the tri-hybrid nanoparticles TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 is the raise in thermal conductivity with the addition of Al2O3 in comparison with low thermal conductivity values of SiO2 and TiO2 combination. This study reports that the Newtonian heating at the surface of the sheet assists the flow of tri-hybrid nanofluid TiO2–Al2O3–SiO2/H2O and conducts heat at a better rate. Also, the temperature profile of the tri-hybrid nanofluid TiO2–Al2O3–SiO2/H2O is more prominent than the plots of hybrid nanofluid TiO2–Al2O3/H2O, nanofluid TiO2/H2O, and fluid H2O.