Abstract
The hybrid nanofluids have efficient thermal networking due to the trade-off between the pros and cons of the more than one type of suspension. In the current study, water-based hybrid nanofluid is used to investigate mixed convection in a squared enclosure heated with a circular center heater. The cavity is placed inclined under the uniform inclined magnetic field. The squared cavity comprises of two adiabatic vertical walls and two cold horizontal walls. The governing equations are normalized using a suitable set of variables and are solved with the finite element method. A comparison is provided with previously reported results at limiting case. The grid independence is examined for the Nusselt number at the central heater. The analysis reveals the effective role of the concentration of hybrid nanofluid particles in enhancing the heat spread. The results indicate that adding 2% concentration of Ag-MgO hybrid nanoparticles causes an 18.3% uprise in the Nusselt number at the central heater. The heat transfer rate enhances for increasing Hartmann number between 0 and 10 but decreases over 10. For better heat transfer augmentation, a heater with a smaller radius is recommended for the free convection. In contrast, a heater with a larger radius serves the purpose in case of forced convection.
Highlights
Due to low thermal conductivity, the traditional heat transfer fluids like water or kerosene oil are not suitable in microelectronics and heat exchangers
The study is devoted to examining the influence of pertinent parameters, likes, Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, nanoparticles concentration, and angles of inclination on the mixed convection of hybrid nanofluids
In this parametric study we considered the mixed convection of Ag-MgO hybrid nanofluid due to the moving lid of an inclined enclosure with the inside circular heater under inclined magnetic field
Summary
Due to low thermal conductivity, the traditional heat transfer fluids like water or kerosene oil are not suitable in microelectronics and heat exchangers. Et al [3] examined the effects of variable thermal conductivity and viscosity on the mixed convection They found that the rate of heat transfer depends upon pertinent parameters. Et al [6] analyzed thermal performance of water-based nanofluid in the square cavity and proved the higher heat transfer rates for all conditions. The square enclosure contains a circular heater and is filled with a mixture of hybrid Ag-MgO nanoparticles and water Such effects have never been considered before despite having certain industrial applications, like, in various heat exchangers this design is used to expedite the convection. The study is devoted to examining the influence of pertinent parameters, likes, Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, nanoparticles concentration, and angles of inclination on the mixed convection of hybrid nanofluids. Various graph and tables are plotted to see the variational trends and some important recommendations are made in the conclusion part
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