Abstract
Steady, two-dimensional mixed convection boundary layer flow of an incompressible $${\rm Al}_2{\rm O}_3$$ –water nanofluid along an inclined permeable plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field has been examined numerically. The governing equations (Boussinesq approximation) with associated boundary condition are solved using FEM for nanofluid containing spherical-shaped nanoparticles having volume fraction ranging from 1 to 4 %. Static-based model for calculating the effective thermal conductivity at 300 K, proposed by Leong et al. (J Nanopart Res 8:245–254, 2006) and Murshed et al. (Int J Therm Sci 47:560–568, 2008) has been implemented. Effect of various pertinent parameters with different classical and experimental models for effective dynamic viscosity is discussed.
Highlights
Nowadays, the heat transfer enhancement is one of the most challenging problems in different industrial applications and engineering systems. Choi (1995) was the first person to introduce fluids composed of nanometer-sized particles dispersed in a base fluid which are called asO
The objective of the present chapter is to study the effect of magnetic field, nanoparticle diameter, nanolayer conductivity to base fluid conductivity ratio, inclination angle and nanoparticle volume fraction on the steady boundary layer nanofluid flow and heat transfer characteristics
Comprehensive numerical computations are conducted for various values of the parameters that describe the flow characteristics and the results are illustrated graphically
Summary
The heat transfer enhancement is one of the most challenging problems in different industrial applications and engineering systems. Choi (1995) was the first person to introduce fluids composed of nanometer-sized particles dispersed in a base fluid which are called as. The objective of the present chapter is to study the effect of magnetic field, nanoparticle diameter, nanolayer conductivity to base fluid conductivity ratio, inclination angle and nanoparticle volume fraction on the steady boundary layer nanofluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. The finite element method overcomes the shortcoming of the traditional variational methods, it is endowed with the features of an effective computational technique This method is so general that it can be applied to a wide variety of engineering problems, including heat transfer (Bhargava and Rana 2011; Rana et al 2012), fluid mechanics (Rana and Bhargava 2011; Rana et al 2013), rigid body dynamics (Dettmer 2006), solid mechanics (Hansbo and Hansbo 2004) and many other fields. The integral is transferred from problem coordinate system (n; g) to specific coordinate system (n0; g0) (master element)
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