Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Stagnation-Point Flow of a Jeffery Fluid Past a Permeable Vertical Flat Plate

Abstract

Abstract This paper analyzes the combined effects of buoyancy force, mass flux, and variable surface temperature on the stagnation point flow and heat transfer due to a Jeffery fluid over a vertical surface. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically using the function bvp4c from computer algebra software Matlab. Numerical results are obtained for skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number as well as dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles for various values of the controlling parameters namely mixed convection parameter λ, mass flux parameter s, elastic parameter (Deborah number) γ, and the ratio of relaxation and retardation time parameter λ1. The results indicate that dual solutions exist in a certain range of the mixed convection and mass flux parameters. In order to establish the physically realizable of these solutions, a stability analysis has also been performed. The results indicate that mixed convection and mass flux significantly affects the nature of the solutions, skin friction, and Nusselt number of a Jeffery fluid.