Abstract
ABSTRACT Phytase enzyme is supplemented to poultry feed to improve phosphorus (P) availability. Mitsuokella jalaludinii, bacteria isolated from the rumen of cattle, has been reported as a cheaper alternative source of phytase. As much nutrients are trapped within the phytate complex, we hypothesized that the supplementation of M. jalaludinii phytase to poultry feed would enhance nutrient utilization by poultry. In the current study, the efficacy of freeze-dried M. jalaludinii cells (Mj) as feed supplement for broilers fed low-available phosphorus (low-aP) diet was evaluated. Day-old male Cobb raised in battery cages were assigned to three treatment groups [normal-available phosphorus diet with heat-deactivated Mj (DMj); low-aP diet with DMj; and low-aP diet with Mj], each consisting of four replicates (10 birds per replicate) for a 3-weeks feeding period. Feed intake was recorded daily from day 1-21, whereas broilers were weighted at day 1, 7, 14, and 21. Total excreta were collected at day 11-13 and 18-20. At day 21, twelve broilers from each treatment group were slaughtered to collect plasma and tibia. The results showed that Mj significantly enhanced broilers’ live weight and feed conversion ratio compared to the control groups (p<0.05). Supplementation with Mj have also enhanced the level of P, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the sera; and Ca and Mn in the tibia at day 18-20 sampling period (p<0.05). As Mj supplementation can enhance nutrient utilization particularly in broilers fed with low-aP diet, it could provide the market with another option in improving broilers’ growth rate at a lower cost.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important macro-minerals required by poultry as it is essential for the development and maintenance of the skeletal system as well as in numerous biochemical reactions in the body and being a part of many important metabolites involved in metabolic processes, such as phosphates used for energy, and the synthesis of DNA and RNA (Haque & Hossain 2012).The main ingredients in poultry feed such as cereal grains and plant protein sources have high phosphorus content presence mainly in the form of phytate, which is poorly utilized in monogastric animals including poultry
The live weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers were significantly improved (p
Live weight of broilers fed low-aP+deactivated Mj (DMj) diet were similar to that fed normal-aP+DMj at both time periods
Summary
The main ingredients in poultry feed such as cereal grains and plant protein sources have high phosphorus content presence mainly in the form of phytate (up to 80% of total P), which is poorly utilized in monogastric animals including poultry. Phytate (the salt form of phytic acid, inositol-6-phosphate) can bind proteins and minerals as well as interact with endogenous enzymes, reducing nutrient utilization (Selle et al 2012). It exerts negative effect on protein digestion either through the direct binding of proteins to phytates, forming binary protein-phytate complexes or through the binding of proteins to the ions attached to phytates, forming ternary protein-phytate complexes. As phytase supplementation increases P availability, it reduces the need for addition of inorganic P into poultry feed, reduces P pollution which causes eutrophication in land water bodies (Bhavsar & Khire 2014)
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