Abstract
The usual outcome of mitosis is 2 daughter cells with equal numbers and kinds of chromosomes (euploidy) rather than unequal numbers (aneuploidy). The more we learn about the underlying mechanisms the more remarkable this seems: the precise distribution of chromosomes depends critically upon structural disorder and instability, which would more commonly be associated with imprecision, that is, with aneuploidy. My aim is to review what is known about chromosome distribution in eukaryotes and to relate disorder and instability both to the normal outcome and to the origin of aneuploidy. The discussion is limited to orthodox mitosis and meiosis in organisms with localized kinetochores (on unorthodox mechanisms, see, e.g., Ref. 19; for broader reviews of mitosis, see Ref. 16 and 24).
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