Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multiple biological effects of phosphatidic acid (PA) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), with particular emphasis on their growth factor-like activities. LPA and PA are the key intermediates in the early steps of phospholipid biosynthesis. They can exert their own biological effects. In particular, exogenous PA and LPA stimulate DNA synthesis and cell division in fibroblasts and epithelial cells, with LPA being a more potent growth stimulant than the corresponding PA species. The effect of LPA and PA on cell proliferation appears to be highly specific. All common lipids, other than PA and LPA, are incapable of stimulating DNA synthesis in quiescent fibroblasts. The relative potencies of various LPA and PA analogs on fibroblast proliferation have recently been determined. As LPA is a potent activator of certain G-protein-coupled effector systems, it may serve as a convenient probe to identify and dissect various biological responses in different cell systems. LPA is used to monitor cellular effects and activate second-messenger pathways in various cell types.
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