Abstract
BackgroundPine moths, Dendrolimus spp. (Lasiocampidae), are serious economic pests of conifer forests. Six closely related species (Dendrolimus punctatus, D. tabulaeformis, D. spectabilis, D. superans, D. houi, and D. kikuchii) occur in China and cause serious damage to coniferophyte. The complete mito genomes of Dendrolimus genus are significant to resolve the phylogenetic relationship and provide theoretical support in pest control.MethodsThe complete mitogenomes of three species (D. superans, D. houi, and D. kikuchii) were sequenced based on PCR-amplified with universal primers, which were used to amplify initial fragments. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out with 78 complete mitogenomes of lepidopteran species from 10 superfamilies.ResultsThe complete mitochondrial genomes of these three species were 15,417, 15,381, and 15,377 bp in length, separately. The phylogenetic analyses produced consistent results for six Dendrolimus species based on complete mitogenomes, two major clades were formed, one containing D. spectabilis clustered with D. punctatus + D. tabulaeformis, and D. superans as the sister group to this three-taxon clade, the other containing D. kikuchii and D. houi. Comparative analyses of the congeneric mitochondrial genomes were performed, which showed that non-coding regions were more variable than the A+T rich region. The mitochondrial nucleotide diversity was more variable when compared within than among genus, and the concatenated tRNA region was the most conserved and the nd6 genes was the most variable.
Highlights
Pine moths in the genus Dendrolimus (Lasiocampidae) are major economic pests of coniferous trees, such as Pinus, Larix, Picea, and Abies
Similar trees were obtained based on both two datasets (13PCGs and 37 genes), the only difference was among the superfamilies Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, Lasiocampoidea and Noctuoidea, which altogether constitute approximately 73,000 described species (Minet, 1991)
Zhang et al (2014) constructed a phylogeny of Dendrolimus based on one pheromone-binding proteins (PBP1) and two general odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in which D. kikuchii and D. houi was proposed as basal species of D. tabulaeformis, D. punctatus, and D. spectabilis
Summary
Pine moths in the genus Dendrolimus (Lasiocampidae) are major economic pests of coniferous trees, such as Pinus, Larix, Picea, and Abies. Mitochondrial phylogeny and comparative mitogenomics of closely related pine moth pests (Lepidoptera: Dendrolimus). About 30 species of Dendrolimus are known to occur in Eurasia, six of them (D. houi, D. kikuchii, D. punctatus, D. spectabilis, D. superans, D. tabulaeformis) are widely distributed in China (Hou, 1987; Chen, 1990). The phylogenetic analyses produced consistent results for six Dendrolimus species based on complete mitogenomes, two major clades were formed, one containing D. spectabilis clustered with D. punctatus + D. tabulaeformis, and D. superans as the sister group to this three-taxon clade, the other containing D. kikuchii and D. houi. The mitochondrial nucleotide diversity was more variable when compared within than among genus, and the concatenated tRNA region was the most conserved and the nd genes was the most variable
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