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Abstract
BackgroundThe Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) contains several phylogenetic lineages. Phylogenetic studies identified two to three major clades within the FOSC. The mitochondrial sequences are highly informative phylogenetic markers, but have been mostly neglected due to technical difficulties.ResultsA total of 61 complete mitogenomes of FOSC strains were de novo assembled and annotated. Length variations and intron patterns support the separation of three phylogenetic species. The variable region of the mitogenome that is typical for the genus Fusarium shows two new variants in the FOSC. The variant typical for Fusarium is found in members of all three clades, while variant 2 is found in clades 2 and 3 and variant 3 only in clade 2. The extended set of loci analyzed using a new implementation of the genealogical concordance species recognition method support the identification of three phylogenetic species within the FOSC. Comparative analysis of the mitogenomes in the FOSC revealed ongoing mitochondrial recombination within, but not between phylogenetic species.ConclusionsThe recombination indicates the presence of a parasexual cycle in F. oxysporum. The obstacles hindering the usage of the mitogenomes are resolved by using next generation sequencing and selective genome assemblers, such as GRAbB. Complete mitogenome sequences offer a stable basis and reference point for phylogenetic and population genetic studies.
Highlights
The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) contains several phylogenetic lineages
Phylogenetic analysis and genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) Sixty-one strains belonging to Fusarium oxysporum species complex, one F. commune strain and two F
The five loci that supported the recognition of all three clades with high support were among the six most variable loci included in the analysis (Table 2)
Summary
The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) contains several phylogenetic lineages. Members of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) are important plant pathogens causing vascular wilts, rots and damping-off on a broad range of agronomically and horticulturally important crops [1, 2]. Members of this species complex are clinically important, causing infections in both human and animal hosts [3, 4]. The taxonomy of Fusarium has historically been based on the morphology of the asexual reproductive structures, leading to a broad definition of F. oxysporum. Spp.) were introduced based on the pathogenicity of the strains towards particular plant hosts [6]. F. oxysporum is closely related to the F. fujikuroi species complex that contains several heterothallic species. Since no sexual stage has been found for this species nor could it be induced under
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