Abstract
Nucleotide sequences of a 658 bp DNA fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 were used to investigate the population structure, phylogeographical pattern and genetic variation of Pontodrilus longissimus Seesamut and Panha, 2018 sampled from 16 localities along the coastline of Thailand. Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood analyses and the application of a haplotype network showed clearly that there were two geographically isolated populations of P. longissimus, one restricted to the Gulf of Thailand (GOT) and the other to the Andaman Sea, in which the latter clade revealed a higher level of genetic variation. The analyses of molecular variance also supported the genetic differentiation between the GOT and Andaman Sea groups. The genetic divergence of this littoral earthworm was probably attributed to restricted gene flow by the Malay Peninsular acting as a significant geographical barrier, while different tidal circulation patterns around the peninsula may restrict the population connectivity between the two sides of the peninsula.
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