Abstract
BackgroundAnopheles lesteri is a primary vector of Plasmodium spp. in central China. A complete understanding of vector population structure and the processes responsible for the differentiation is important to the vector-based malaria control programmes and for identifying heterogeneity in disease transmission as a result of discrete vector populations. There is no adequate An. lesteri population genetic data available.MethodsPolymorphism of sequence variations in mitochondrial COII and Cytb genes were assessed to explore the level of genetic variability and differentiation among six populations of An. lesteri from China.ResultsThere were 30 (4.37%) and 21 (5.33%) polymorphic sites for mtDNA-COII and Cytb gene, respectively. Totally 31 COII and 30 Cytb haplotypes were obtained. The range of FST values was from 0.101 to 0.655 by mtDNA-COII, and 0.029 to 0.231 by Cytb gene. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the percentage of variation within populations (65.83%, 88.48%) was greater than that among populations (34.17%, 11.52%) using both genes. The Tajima's D and Fu's Fs values were all negative, except Tajima's D values of YN and HNB populations, which suggest a large number of low-frequency mutations in populations and the populations were in expansion proceeding.ConclusionsLevels of genetic variation within An. lesteri populations were higher than among them. While these results may suggest considerable levels of gene flow, other explanations, such as the effect of historical population perturbations can also be hypothesized.
Highlights
Anopheles lesteri is a primary vector of Plasmodium spp. in central China
Sequences characteristics of mtDNA-cytochrome subunit II (COII) One hundred and sixteen An. lesteri mosquitoes were distinguished by PCR assay from China (Table 1)
A 686 bp COII sequence was determined in 88 mosquitoes, and a cytochrome B (Cytb) fragment of 394 bp was obtained from 112 mosquitoes
Summary
Anopheles lesteri is a primary vector of Plasmodium spp. in central China. Anopheles lesteri, which belongs to the Hyrcanus group of the genus Anopheles is a primary vector of malaria in central China [1]. Genetically-based methods have been proposed for malaria vector control. These methods focus mainly in altering vectorial capacity through the genetic modification of natural vector populations by means of introducing refractoriness genes or by sterile insect technologies [2]. Knowledge of the genetic structure of vector species is, an essential requirement as it should contribute to predict the spread of genes of interest, such as insecticide resistance or refractory genes, and to identify heterogeneities in disease transmission due to distinct vector. The molecular evidence strongly support that An. anthropophagus is the synonym of An. lesteri
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