Abstract
Mitochondria are the double membrane organelles providing most of the energy for cells. In addition, mitochondria also play essential roles in various cellular biological processes such as calcium signaling, apoptosis, ROS generation, cell growth, and cell cycle. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in various neurological disorders which harbor acute and chronic neural injury such as neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia, hypoxia-induced brain injury. In this review, we describe how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders which manifest chronic or acute neural injury.
Highlights
Mitochondria structurally consist of two membranes, an intermembrane space and an internal matrix which contains mtDNA
Mitochondria are important for calcium signaling (Brini et al, 2014), cell apoptosis (Tait and Green, 2013), production and sequestration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Shadel and Horvath, 2015)
Mitochondria modulate synaptic plasticity via regulating neurotransmitter production and inactivation, the formation and maintenance of synapses, neuronal development, neurogenesis, axonal transport, synaptic plasticity (Levy et al, 2003; Cheng et al, 2010, 2012; Lopez-Domenech et al, 2016; Todorova and Blokland, 2017), which are closely linked to neurological disorders
Summary
Xiu-Yun Zhao1,2†, Mei-Hong Lu1,2†, De-Juan Yuan1,3†, De-En Xu4, Pei-Pei Yao, Wen-Li Ji1,2, Hong Chen, Wen-Long Liu, Chen-Xiao Yan, Yi-Yuan Xia, Shao Li3, Jin Tao and Quan-Hong Ma1*. Reviewed by: Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazil. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Neurodegeneration, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. Mitochondria are the double membrane organelles providing most of the energy for cells. Mitochondria play essential roles in various cellular biological processes such as calcium signaling, apoptosis, ROS generation, cell growth, and cell cycle. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in various neurological disorders which harbor acute and chronic neural injury such as neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia, hypoxia-induced brain injury. We describe how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders which manifest chronic or acute neural injury
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