Abstract
Mitochondria are perhaps the most sophisticated and dynamic responsive sensing systems in eukaryotic cells. The role of mitochondria goes beyond their capacity to create molecular fuel and includes the generation of reactive oxygen species, the regulation of calcium, and the activation of cell death. In endothelial cells, mitochondria have a profound impact on cellular function under both healthy and diseased conditions. In this review, we summarize the basic functions of mitochondria in endothelial cells and discuss the roles of mitochondria in endothelial dysfunction and vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular dysfunction, pulmonary artery hypertension, and hypertension. Finally, the potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function in endothelial cells and vascular diseases are also discussed, with a focus on mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants and calorie restriction.
Highlights
Mitochondria are the remnants of aerobic bacteria that invaded protoeukaryotic cells a billion years ago
We summarize the basic functions of mitochondria in endothelial cells and discuss the roles of mitochondria in endothelial dysfunction and vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular dysfunction, pulmonary artery hypertension, and hypertension
We summarize advances in understanding the roles of mitochondria in endothelial cells (EC) and the mechanisms by which EC mitochondria participate in certain vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetic endothelial dysfunction, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and hypertension
Summary
Mitochondria are the remnants of aerobic bacteria that invaded protoeukaryotic cells a billion years ago. The roles of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells go beyond their capacity to act as a metabolic mediator. These cellular organelles regulate various cellular processes, including proliferation (Mitra et al, 2009), immune. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of most vascular diseases. We summarize advances in understanding the roles of mitochondria in ECs and the mechanisms by which EC mitochondria participate in certain vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetic endothelial dysfunction, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and hypertension. We discuss briefly current available mitochondria targeting approaches for the treatment of vascular diseases
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