Abstract
Mitigating climate change to limit the global temperature increase (relative to pre-industrial temperatures) to 2 °C is receiving considerable attention around the world. Here, historical and future carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Bahrain were calculated using the revised Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1996 and IPCC 2006 methods. The extent to which waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies can contribute to climate change mitigation was assessed by performing a multicriteria analysis. The results indicated that CO2e emissions from MSW in Bahrain have been increasing since the Askar landfill was constructed in 1986. Emission recalculations indicated that CO2e emissions from MSW contribute 6.2% of total emissions in Bahrain rather than the 11.6% reported in the second national communication. Methane emissions from MSW in 2030 are predicted to be 22–63 Gg. The WtE technologies anaerobic digestion and landfill gas recovery gave the best and gasification the worst multicriteria analysis model results. A database of WtE plants around the world should be compiled to allow decisions around the world to be based on best practices. The potential for maximizing energy recovery and decreasing costs needs to be investigated to allow WtE plants to compete better with renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.
Highlights
Climate change has been receiving considerable amounts of attention in recent years, since the Paris Agreement and subsequent reports of national emissions and commitments to decreasing emissions
Note: Saudi Arabia has set an ambitious target of 3 GW for WtE facilities in 2030
Historical CO2 e emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Bahrain were calculated, future emissions were predicted, and the effectiveness of several WtE technologies was assessed as a means for climate change mitigation
Summary
Climate change has been receiving considerable amounts of attention in recent years, since the Paris Agreement and subsequent reports of national emissions and commitments to decreasing emissions. Attention has been focused on climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Various sectors can make changes to mitigate climate change, and the sectors with the highest contributions to total carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 e) emissions should be prioritized. The countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), a political and economic alliance of six Arab countries founded in 1981, have relatively high energy and carbon intensities. The energy intensity figures for GCC countries range between 0.12 ton oil equivalent (toe)/thousand USD for the United. The average energy intensity in GCC countries exceeds the world’s average of 0.13 toe/thousand USD [1]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
