Mitigation of blast and impact loading via the use of a zeolite-absorbent/nano-fluidics protection system

Abstract

Purpose – In the present work, a new blast-/ballistic-impact mitigation concept is introduced and its efficacy analyzed using advanced computational methods and tools. The concept involves the use of a zeolite protective layer separated by air from the structure being protected and in contact with a water layer in front. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – To properly capture the attendant nano-fluidics phenomena, all the calculations carried out in the present work involved the use of all-atom molecular-level equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations. Findings – Under high-rate loading, water molecules (treated as a nano-fluidic material) are forced to infiltrate zeolite nanopores wherein, due to complex interactions between the hydrophobic nanopore walls and the hydrogen bonds of the water molecules, water undergoes an ordering-type phase transition and acquires high density, while a significant portion of the kinetic energy of the water molecules is converted to potential energy. Concomitantly, a considerable portion of this kinetic energy is dissipated in the form of heat. As a result of these energy conversion/dissipation processes, the (conserved) linear momentum is transferred to the target structure over a longer time period, while the peak loading experienced by the structure is substantially reduced. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge, the present work constitutes the first reported attempt to utilize pure SiO2 hydrophobic zeolites in blast-/ballistic-impact protection applications.