Abstract
Wireless technology and the latest developments in a mobile object, has led to a Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET), which is a collection of mobile nodes that are communicating with each other without requiring any fixed infrastructure. Due to the dynamic nature with a decentralized system, these networks are susceptible to different attacks such as Black Hole Attack (BHA), Gray Hole Attack (GHA), Sink Hole Attack (SHA) and many more. Several researchers have worked for the detection and mitigation of individual attacks, either GHA or BHA nodes. But the protection of MANET against a dual-threat is scarce. In this paper, the protection against dual attacks has been presented for BHA and GHA by using the concept of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as a deep learning algorithm along with the swarm-based Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization technique. The performance of the system has been increased by the selection of appropriate and best nodes for data packets transmission which is explained in the result section of this paper. For the network designing and simulation purposes, MATLAB software is used with communication and neural network toolboxes. The examined results show that the presented protocol performs better in contrast to the existing work under black hole as well as gray hole attack condition. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that dynamically form a temporary network without using any existing network infrastructure.
Highlights
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-tuning network that does not have a dedicated router; since there is no centralized node, and each node behaves as a router (Singh et al [1])
The network is designed for a simulated area of 1000 × 1000 mm2, and each node can communicate within its 25 % of the total area, means that if a node is located with a position of (x,y) = (500,500), the node can communicate with neighboring nodes up to having maximum position lies in between (525, 525) in both x and y-direction
The performance of Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) has been affected by many attacker nodes, which becomes a great concern for the research
Summary
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-tuning network that does not have a dedicated router; since there is no centralized node, and each node behaves as a router (Singh et al [1]). Each node has a limited range for data transmission in the network, and the data transmission occurs from one node to another node. The routing in MANET assumes the entire nodes in the network as normal unless there is no modification in the data and router direction is found. Reactive (Ochola et al [7] and El-Semary and Diab [8]), and hybrid routing protocol is employed. In a dynamic routing protocol, the routing information of nodes is store into the table and is modified whenever the route is changed. In a reactive routing protocol, as the node suggests, the path is created whenever the source node wants to send data to the destination node that is, it works on-demand (Han and Lee [9]). The last protocol is formed by combining the advantages of the above-defined routing protocol that is named as a hybrid routing protocol in MANET (Wang et al [10])
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