Mitigation of Airborne PRRSV Transmission with UV Light Treatment: Proof-of-Concept

Peiyang Li,Jeffrey Zimmerman,Baitong Chen,William Jenks,Wannarat Yim-Im,Jianqiang Zhang,Myeongseong Lee,Jacek Koziel,Steven Hoff,Ting-Yu Cheng

doi:10.3390/agriculture11030259

Peiyang Li, Jeffrey Zimmerman + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030259

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Journal: Agriculture	Publication Date: Mar 18, 2021
Citations: 14	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Iowa State University

Abstract

Proper treatment of infectious air could potentially mitigate the spread of airborne viruses such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The objective of this research is to test the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) in inactivating aerosolized PRRSV, specifically, four UV lamps, UV-A (365 nm, both fluorescent and LED-based), “excimer” UV-C (222 nm), and germicidal UV-C (254 nm), were tested. The two UV-C lamps effectively irradiated fast-moving PRRSV aerosols with short treatment times (<2 s). One-stage and two-stage UV inactivation models estimated the UV doses needed for target percentage (%) reductions on PRRSV titer. UV-C (254 nm) dose needed for 3-log (99.9%) reduction was 19.43 and 2.44 mJ/cm2, respectively, based on one-stage and two-stage models. UV-C (222 nm) doses needed for a 3-log reduction 2.81 and 1.04 mJ/cm2, based on one-stage and two-stage models, respectively. However, the cost of 222 nm excimer lamps is still economically prohibitive for scaling-up trials. The UV-A (365 nm) lamps could not reduce PRRSV titers for tested doses up to 4.11 mJ/cm2. Pilot-scale or farm-scale testing of UV-C on PRRSV aerosols simulating barn ventilation rates are recommended based on its effectiveness and reasonable costs comparable to HEPA filtration.

Highlights

Since its initial documentation in the late 1980s [1,2], porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been one of the most impactful diseases affecting the UnitedStates of America (USA)’s swine industry
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can be transmitted via indirect contact or direct contact, but it likewise is found in aerosols generated by infected pigs and can reach susceptible pigs meters or perhaps kilometers away [7,8,9,10]
The impinger liquid was tested for viable PRRSV, Section (ii) provided the PRRSV aerosol-controlled UV exposure; Section (iii) sampled the and the concentration was expressed as UV-treatment

Summary

Introduction

Since its initial documentation in the late 1980s [1,2], porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been one of the most impactful diseases affecting the UnitedStates of America (USA)’s swine industry. Since its initial documentation in the late 1980s [1,2], porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has been one of the most impactful diseases affecting the United. The annual cost of PRRS disease to the producers in the USA was estimated to be USD 560 million estimated in 2005 [3], USD 664 million in 2012 [4], and USD 580 million in 2016 [5]. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can be transmitted via indirect contact (such as aerosol and fomites) or direct contact, but it likewise is found in aerosols generated by infected pigs and can reach susceptible pigs meters or perhaps kilometers away [7,8,9,10]. Given its infectivity and airborne survivability, proper treatment or decontamination of PRRSV aerosols could effectively reduce transmission

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