Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a ubiquitous microbe. It can form recalcitrant biofilms in clinical and industrial settings. PA biofilms cause infections in patients. They also cause biocorrosion of medical implants. In this work, D-tyrosine (D-tyr) was investigated as an antimicrobial enhancer for ciprofloxacin (CIP) against a wild-type PA biofilm (strain PAO1) on C1018 carbon steel in a strictly anaerobic condition. Seven-day biofilm prevention test results demonstrated that 2 ppm (w/w) D-tyr enhanced 30 ppm CIP by achieving extra 2-log sessile cell reduction compared with the 30 ppm CIP alone treatment. The cocktail of 30 ppm CIP + 2 ppm D-tyr achieved similar efficacy as the 80 ppm CIP alone treatment in the biofilm prevention test. Results also indicated that the enhanced antimicrobial treatment reduced weight loss and pitting corrosion. In the 3-hour biofilm removal test, the cocktail of 80 ppm CIP + 5 ppm D-tyr achieved extra 1.5-log reduction in sessile cell count compared with the 80 ppm CIP alone treatment. The cocktail of 80 ppm CIP + 5 ppm D-tyr achieved better efficacy than the 150 ppm CIP alone treatment in the biofilm removal test.
Highlights
The colonization and infection by microbes lead to chronic wounds which are common in individuals[1]
Ten ppm CIP alone treatment and 30 ppm CIP alone treatment reduced the sessile cell counts to 3.5 × 105 cells/cm[2] and 9.1 × 103 cells/cm[2], respectively
Fifty ppm CIP alone treatment and 80 ppm CIP alone treatment reduced the sessile cell counts to 3.1 × 102 cells/cm[2] and less than 1.0 × 102 cells/cm[2], respectively
Summary
The colonization and infection by microbes lead to chronic wounds which are common in individuals[1]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can form persistent biofilms on catheters, contact lenses, and cystic fibrosis (CF) infected lungs[13]. This opportunistic pathogen can be life-threatening to CF patients[14]. 1 ppm D-tyrosine (D-tyr) enhanced biocides (tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC)) against a Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilm (a corrosive sulfate reducing bacterium biofilm) on carbon steel coupons under an anaerobic condition[28, 29]. D-tyr at a low concentration (2–5 ppm) was evaluated as an antimicrobial enhancer for ciprofloxacin (CIP) against the wild-type P. aeruginosa (PAO1) biofilm on C1018 carbon steel in an anaerobic environment. Carbon steel was used in this work to grow a much more recalcitrant PA biofilm in a short time (7 days) in the laboratory
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