Abstract
This work presents a management strategy for microgrid (MG) operation. Photovoltaic (PV) and wind generators, as well as storage systems and conventional units, are distributed over a wide geographical area, forming a distributed energy system, which is coordinated to face any contingency of the utility company by means of its isolated operation. The management strategy divides the system into three main layers: renewable generation, storage devices, and conventional units. Interactions between devices of the same layer are determined by solving an economic dispatch problem (EDP) in a distributed manner using a consensus algorithm (CA), and interactions between layers are determined by means of a load following strategy. In this way, the complex behaviour of PV and wind generation, the battery storage system, and conventional units has been effectively combined with CA to solve EDP in a distributed manner. MG performance and its vulnerability are deeply analysed by means of an illustrative case study. From the observed results, vulnerability under extreme conditions could be reduced up to approximately 30% by coupling distributed renewable generation and storage capacity with an energy system based on conventional generation.
Highlights
The constant development of information and communication technologies and the depletion of natural resources accompanied by climate change have exposed infrastructures required for industrial and manufacturing processes and the provision of services and products to new, unique threats
The management technique is based on a load following strategy [15], wherein renewable generation and battery energy storage systems (BESS) are committed to reducing fuel-based power sources and increasing the long-term autonomy of energy systems
If the available renewable power is higher than the MG load, the power surplus understood as a cost increment; this condition can be prevented by carefully should be used for charging VRB
Summary
The constant development of information and communication technologies and the depletion of natural resources accompanied by climate change have exposed infrastructures required for industrial and manufacturing processes and the provision of services and products to new, unique threats. To prevent power disruption as a result of voltage collapse, a strategy based on the maximum loadability index (MLI) is introduced so that distributed resources, such as wind and photovoltaic (PV) generation, as well as conventional generation and battery energy storage systems (BESS), are effectively used to prevent voltage problems. This paper presents an algorithm for the solution of the economic dispatch problems (EDP) on energy systems with distributed generators and storage devices while working in stand-alone mode.
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