Abstract

Phosphate-activation sequence has vital influence on the performance and mechanism of Cd(II) removal by biochar. Hence, the difference activation sequences (pyrolysis-impregnation, impregnation-pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis) were employed to produce K3PO4 activated sludge biochar to investigate the differences of Cd(II) sorption behavior and mechanism from aqueous solution. Compared to pristine sludge biochar (SBC) and pyrolysis-impregnation activated biochar (SBC-IB), the surface of impregnation-pyrolysis activated sludge biochar (SBC-IS) and co-pyrolysis activated sludge biochar (SBC-CS) exhibited rougher, more porous and higher graphitized. Compared to SBC (66.53 mg/g), SBC-IB (141.89 mg/g) and SBC-IS (175.34 mg/g), SBC-CS (262.39 mg/g) possessed the largest Cd(II) adsorption capacity at 303 K. The sorption mechanism could include complexation, precipitation, Cd(II)-π interaction and cation exchange. By quantifying the mechanism contribution, pyrolysis-impregnation mainly improved complexation capacity, whereas impregnation-pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis primarily enhanced the contribution of precipitation and ion exchange. This work could provide a comprehensive guide for phosphate-activated biochar.

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