Misunderstood “menopausal” hormones: their controversy and complexity

Abstract

No AccessMisunderstood “menopausal” hormones: their controversy and complexityBringing harmony to a bunch of misinterpreted hormones and to the women that flower our world Paulo de Valdoleiros Paulo de Valdoleiros1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-1293 Search for more papers by this author Affiliations 1Private practice, Cape Town, South Africa Published Online:1 Nov 2022https://doi.org/10.36303/SAGP.2022.3.5.0142https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-mp_sagp_v3_n5_a5SectionsPDFView Full Text ToolsAdd to favouritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditGMailOutlookYammermore AboutAbstractThis is the fourth article in the menopause series that began three South African GP editions ago. For the sake of continuity, it is recommended that you access the previous episodes if you missed them.1. Smith DCPrentice RThompson DJHerrmann WL "Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma" N Engl J Med1975 2932311647 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197512042932302 Google Scholar2. Ziel HKFinkle WD "Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens" N Engl J Med1975 29323116770 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197512042932303 Google Scholar3. Kohn GERodriguez KMHotaling JPastuszak AW "The history of estrogen therapy" Sex Med Rev2019 7341621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.03.006 Google Scholar4. WHOCancer fact sheetAvailable from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20causes%20of,lung%20(1.80%20million%20deaths)%3B Google Scholar5. Stefanick ML "Estrogens and progestins: background and history, trends in use, and guidelines and regimens approved by the US Food and Drug Administration" Am J Med2005 118Suppl 12B6473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.059 Google Scholar6. Horvath SSchreiber CASonalkar S "Contraception" Updated 2018 Jan 17Feingold KRAnawalt BBoyce Aet al.Endotext [Internet]South Dartmouth (MA) MDText.com, Inc.2000Table 2, Contraindications to Progestin-only Hormonal Contraceptives. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279148/table/contraception.progestino/ Google Scholar7. Czyzyk APodfigurna AGenazzani ARMeczekalski B "The role of progesterone therapy in early pregnancy: from physiological role to therapeutic utility" Gynecol Endocrinol2017 3364214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2017.1291615 Google Scholar8. Rossouw JEAnderson GLPrentice RLet al. "Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial" JAMA2002 288332133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.3.321 Google Scholar9. Viscoli CMBrass LMKernan WNet al. "A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke" N Engl J Med2001 3451712439 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa010534 Google Scholar10. Manson JEChlebowski RTStefanick MLet al. "Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention and extended poststopping phases of the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trials" JAMA2013 31013135368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.278040 Google Scholar Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails None Volume 3, Issue 5 | Nov 2022 Downloaded 1 times LanguagesEnglish InformationCopyright © 2022, Medpharm Publications:All rights reservedKeywordscardiovascularprogestinMIprogesteronemenopauseosteoporosisHRTestradiolstrokecancerPDF download Disclosure The authors confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. The authors confirm that they have given due consideration to the protection of intellectual property associated with this work and that there are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication, with respect to intellectual property. Ethical conduct of research The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. A signed informed consent document has been obtained from all participants included in the study.