Mistreatment in paediatric residency programs in Thailand: a national survey

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Mistreatment in the learning environment is associated with adverse outcomes for residents. Most studies with that regard have been performed in western countries which may have different socio-cultural background and educational and training systems than the non-Western Asian countries. This study aimed (1) to determine the national prevalence of mistreatment in Thai paediatric residents and a correlation with the risk for burnout and other factors and (2) to launch a mistreatment awareness program (MAP) in our training program. Methods The study was divided into two phases. Phase 1, an online survey of mistreatment-related questions, was sent to current paediatric residents across the country. Burnout and depression were also self-evaluated by formal screening questions. The results were categorized by the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised into five domains of mistreatment: workplace learning–related bullying (WLRB), person-related bullying (PRB), physically intimidating bullying, sexual harassment, and ethnic harassment. Frequent mistreated exposure was defined as if mistreatment occurred >1/week. Phase 2, MAP was conducted by distributing the results of the first phase with some examples of mistreatment events and mistreatment-related videos. After 3 months, at our centre, the survey was resent to evaluate mistreatment. Results The response rate was 27% (n = 140). We found that 91% experienced ≥1 mistreated situation in the prior 6 months. Most mistreatment domains were WLRB and PRB, and residents were commonly instigated by clinical faculty and nurses. Most (84%) mistreated residents did not report the events. An association between frequent mistreated exposure and burnout was also found (P < 0.001). For Phase 2, the mistreated situations especially the WLRB and PRB domains dropped after the launch of MAP. Conclusions Thai paediatric residents frequently perceive mistreatment in their learning environment. Specific aspects of mistreatment, such as WLRB and PRB, should be carefully explored and managed through particular groups of instigators.