Mission grass bio-waste functional carbon self-single-doped for ultrahigh energy symmetrical supercapacitor

Abstract

ABSTRACT Several studies have been performed on biomass as an extraordinary natural carbon resource for functional electrode with combined pore structure, self-doping, and nanopores morphology significantly boosted supercapacitor performance. Therefore, this study utilized mission-grass bio-waste as a porous carbon source self-single-doped as electrode material capable of increasing the energy density of supercapacitor. Porous carbon was obtained through the chemical impregnation synthesis route of ZnCl2 and physical activation at temperatures 800, 850, and 900°C. The precursor materials were designed solid shape-like without adding synthetic materials. The optimized mission-grass-based porous carbon (MGPCs) illustrates the diverse pore structure, and wettability properties of the oxygen (O) internal doped. With supercapacitor symmetrical system, the MGPCs electrode showed the highest electrochemical properties at capacitive behavior as high as 208 F g−1 in 1 A g−1 with H2SO4 electrolyte. Furthermore, the energy density of the electrodes was increased by 28.31 Wh kg−1 with good electrical conductivity at internal resistance at 0.139Ω. The high electrochemical performance of the MGPCs electrodes proved that the insertion of mission grass biomass into porous carbon converted through an environmentally benign strategy obtained high-quality electrode material to boost the energy density of the supercapacitor.