Abstract
In this chapter the concept of a missing data mechanism and the classification of missing data as being missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR) or missing not at random (MNAR) is introduced. Consequences of different possible missing data mechanisms are considered and illustrated with simple examples. In addition, conditions are given for analysing data sets without the need to explicitly model the missing data mechanism (“ignorability”). We also review diagnostic tools for incomplete data sets, both descriptive and based on a statistical test.
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