Abstract
This paper is focused in some aspects of maternal exposure to misoprostol during perinatal period, and the abortive and teratogenesis effects on the fetus. The causes of malformations were revised, taking into account chemical, physical and environmental factors as well as the interaction between them. There are evidences that the practice of abortion tripled in Southern and Northeastern Brazil in 15 years, and one of the most frequent forms of abortion is through the use of misoprostol. In Brazil, 1991, 288,700 women were hospitalized as a consequence of complications induced by abortion attempt with this medicine. This fact resulted in the ban of misoprostol across our country, by Decree 344/98 determined by the Health Ministry. The use of misoprostol requires special control and it is allowed only in hospitals, with supervision of the municipal health surveillance. Among the more severe problems affecting the non-aborted child is the injury on the central nervous system, which frequently results in the Moebius syndrome. This is a congenital and non-progressive paralysis of the VI and VII cranial nerves, frequently bilateral, which produces a unexpressive facial appearance and convergent Strabismus. Even banned in our country, abortion is illegally practiced, being deprived of proper knowledge about misoprostol teratogenic effects on the fetus as well as the risks involving mothers.
Highlights
Abortion and teratogenesisAlong the history of many people, the presence of abnormalities in animals or children has received different interpretations; from the deification of individuals up to their complete rejection (Bernardi, Górniak, 2006).In 1960, when the thalidomide, a sedative hypnotic drug used to treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, was recognized as the cause of a tragedy(Sanseverino et al, 2001), necessary attention was given to the effects of several environmental agents and/or exposure to chemicals during the perinatal period
In Germany and other countries, the use of thalidomide was responsible for numerous cases of a rare teratogenesis, the phocomelia
The perinatal toxicity tests have been performed with this drug, the experimental animal employed was the rat, which is not sensitive to thalidomide teratogenic effects, unlike the mice (McBride, 1991)
Summary
Mariana Beatriz Scabora da Silva, Aline de Assis Ferreira, Soraya Ferreira Habr, Maria Martha Bernardi. In Brazil, 1991, 288,700 women were hospitalized as a consequence of complications induced by abortion attempt with this medicine. This fact resulted in the ban of misoprostol across our country, by Decree 344/98 determined by the Health Ministry. Among the more severe problems affecting the non-aborted child is the injury on the central nervous system, which frequently results in the Moebius syndrome. This is a congenital and non-progressive paralysis of the VI and VII cranial nerves, frequently bilateral, which produces a unexpressive facial appearance and convergent Strabismus.
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