Abstract
Background Mirror therapy (MT) has been used as a treatment for various neurological disorders. Recent application of electroencephalogram (EEG) to the MT study allows researchers to gain insight into the changes in brain activity during the therapy. Objective This scoping review is aimed at mapping existing evidence and identifying knowledge gaps about the effects of MT on upper limb recovery and its application for individuals with chronic stroke. Methods and Materials A scoping review through a systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. Twenty articles published between 2010 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. The efficacy of MT on upper limb recovery and brain activity during MT were discussed according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results A majority of the studies indicated positive effects of MT on upper limb recovery from the body structure/functional domain. All studies used EEG to indicate brain activation during MT. Conclusion MT is a promising intervention for improving upper limb function for individuals with chronic stroke. This review also highlights the need to incorporate EEG into the MT study to capture brain activity and understand the mechanism underlying the therapy.
Highlights
Stroke is the second largest cause of early death and secondary disabilities [1]
Seventeen studies related to Mirror therapy (MT) for upper limb recovery while three studies related to MT with brain activity using EEG
Chang et al [33] used six EEG channels, C3, C4, F3, F4, O1, and O2, while Rosipal et al [23] used twelve EEG channels C1-C6, FC3, FC4, CP3, CP4, O1, and O2 in the studies. This scoping review is aimed at mapping existing evidence and knowledge gap about the effects of MT on upper limb recovery and brain activity using EEG among individuals with chronic stroke
Summary
Stroke is the second largest cause of early death and secondary disabilities [1]. Motor skills are among the crucial areas affected by stroke, and recovery from stroke typically takes more than six months, especially in the upper limbs. Evidence shows that about 83% of stroke survivors are able to walk again; only 5% to 20% of survivors achieve full functional recovery of affected upper limbs [2]. There are different variations in MT setup and procedure, all methods serve to aid the recovery of the affected limb by stimulating the regions of the brain associated with movement, sensation, and pain [5]. This scoping review is aimed at mapping existing evidence and identifying knowledge gaps about the effects of MT on upper limb recovery and its application for individuals with chronic stroke. The efficacy of MT on upper limb recovery and brain activity during MT were discussed according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This review highlights the need to incorporate EEG into the MT study to capture brain activity and understand the mechanism underlying the therapy
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