Abstract
<strong>Background:</strong> Moebius syndrome is a rare disorder with minimum clinical criteria of congenital facial weakness in association with impairment in abduction of one or both eyes. Mirror movements are not known to be associated with Moebius syndrome. <strong>Case Report:</strong> We present three patients who meet minimum criteria for a diagnosis of Moebius syndrome and who also display mirror movements. <strong>Discussion:</strong> This case series suggests that Moebius syndrome may be associated with mirror movements. Further investigation to delineate the genetic etiologies of Moebius syndrome is ongoing. Patients with Moebius syndrome and mirror movements may represent a specific subclass of this disorder.
Highlights
Mirror movements (MM) are defined as involuntary movements of one side of the body that occur simultaneously with intentional movements of the contralateral side
MM have not been associated with Moebius syndrome, a syndrome defined with minimum criteria of congenital, non-progressive facial weakness in association with limited abduction of one or both eyes, bilateral horizontal gaze palsy (BHGP) may be a more common ocular finding.[3,4]
We report three patients with facial weakness, impairment in ocular abduction, and MM. These patients were examined at a Moebius Syndrome Foundation conference, and MM were noted during detailed neurological examination after self-reported MM in one patient prompted examiners to assess all patients for MM
Summary
Webb1*, Tamiesha Frempong[1], Thomas P. Naidich[1], Harald Gaspar[2], Ethylin Wang Jabs1 & Janet C. Rucker[1 1] Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 2 University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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