Abstract
To describe three cases of mirror foot and to develop a new classification of the mirror feet with an emphasis on their treatment. Surgical treatment was performed on three patients with mirror foot. Mirror feet in the English literature were surveyed and cases found in PubMed as well as our three cases were classified according to a new classification that was an analogy of the mirror hand classification proposed by Al-Qattan et al. (J Hand Surg Br 23:534-536, 1998). All three cases obtained satisfactory outcome after the treatment. In addition to these cases, 28 mirror feet were well described in the English literature, among which only seven cases have been documented for their treatment. All of the cases could be assigned to one of the categories of the proposed classification. Mirror foot is a very rare congenital deformity of the foot. We successfully treated three novel cases of mirror feet. A classification of the mirror feet proposed in this article was useful in order to understand its nature and obtain a guideline for its treatment.
Highlights
Mirror image duplication of the foot is a very rare congenital anomaly
As far as we know, 28 cases have been reported in the English literature [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22], among which only seven cases have been documented for their treatment [2,3,4,5,6,7, 11]
Mirror foot may occur as an isolated deformity [8, 9] or as part of a syndrome of multiple congenital abnormalities; fibula dimelia [3, 5, 10,11,12,13], tibia hypoplasia [5, 7, 14], and nasal abnormalities such as Laurin–Sandrow syndrome [4, 6, 15,16,17,18,19,20] and Martin syndrome [21]
Summary
Mirror image duplication of the foot (mirror foot) is a very rare congenital anomaly. As far as we know, 28 cases have been reported in the English literature [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22], among which only seven cases have been documented for their treatment [2,3,4,5,6,7, 11]. We report the outcome of surgical treatment of three cases with mirror foot and propose a classification of this condition
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