Abstract
BackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced during abnormal and normal physiological conditions. Understanding the expression profile of microRNA (miRNA) in plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their roles in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that cause cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is imperative.MethodsSprague Dawley rats (250–300 g) were allocated to sham or SAH groups established using endovascular perforation method. miRNA expression profiles of plasma sEVs in both groups (each n = 4) were evaluated using next-generation sequencing (NGS).ResultsThere were 142 microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly expressed differently between the two groups, of which 73 were up-regulated while 69 were down-regulated in SAH sEVs compared with those of sham (p < 0.05; fold change ≥ 2). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses of differently expressed (DE) miRNAs revealed signaling pathways and target genes (TGs) in the SAH group. rno-miR-185-5p, rno-miR-103-3p, rno-miR-15b-3p, rno-miR-93-5p, and rno-miR-98-5p were the top five most up-regulated sEVs miRNAs.ConclusionOur results suggest that miRNA can be selectively packaged into sEVs under SAH, and this could help develop potential targets for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CVS after this condition.
Highlights
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common hemorrhagic stroke in cerebrovascular accidents, in which aneurysmal SAH accounts for 70–80% of SAH cases (Wong et al, 2014)
It is interesting to note that miRNAs are transferred via Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). miRNAs are stable in this form enabling them to perform their TG regulatory function in recipient cells (Au Yeung et al, 2016)
This study conformed with the guidelines on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH publication no. 86-23, revised 1985), while the protocol on the welfare and animal use was approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
Summary
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common hemorrhagic stroke in cerebrovascular accidents, in which aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) accounts for 70–80% of SAH cases (Wong et al, 2014). Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is a serious complication after aSAH (Dababneh et al, 2014). The main clinical outcomes for CVS are delayed neurological deficits and delayed cerebral ischemic events, with case fatalities of between 12 and 18% (Eseonu et al, 2016); miRNA Profiling of SAH Rats the pathogenesis of this condition remain elusive. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contain a series of lipids, proteins, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Majority of these vesicles are considered subsets of exosomes (An et al, 2015; Thind and Wilson, 2016). Understanding the expression profile of microRNA (miRNA) in plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their roles in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that cause cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is imperative
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