Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express defined patterns of miRNAs which have been shown to be involved in stemness and differentiation processes. Modulation of miRNA expression by MSCs has been shown to change their biological properties. Moreover, in light of the paracrine hypothesis of MSC action, increasing evidence indicates that miRNA transfer between MSCs and injured cells in tissues accounts for the healing properties exhibited by MSCs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are candidates for the trafficking of encapsulated miRNAs between cells, as they are able to cross easily biological barriers and protect nucleic acids from degradation. Moreover, EVs, by expressing the same surface receptors of MSCs, may be recruited to the site of injury as well as the cell of origin. These properties of EVs may be exploited for the generation of specially engineered EVs carrying specific miRNAs for therapeutic purposes.
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