Mired in Confusion: Nominative Fair Use in Trademark Law and Freedom of Expression

Abstract

Trademark law, like other areas of intellectual property law, frequently conflicts with First Amendment interests in various ways. One particularly critical intersection between trademark and free expression is the nominative fair use doctrine, which was created to ameliorate this conflict to some degree. This article explores the history of nominative fair use and argues that the test is inadequate to the task of protecting First Amendment values within trademark law. The article then analyzes an arguably better approach, the Rogers test, and argues that courts should look to Rogers as a superior means of preserving expressive values in trademark doctrine.