Abstract
Nearly half of the world’s population suffers from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastric disorders. It is the most common pathogenic bacteria that cause gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Because short residence period, a narrow absorption window in the upper small intestine results in poor bioavailability with standard dosage forms. In addition, combination therapies develop antibiotics, undesirable responses, and poor patient compliance. Therefore, these drawbacks may overcome by Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDs). A site-specific drug delivery system comes into force for boosting the therapeutic oral bioavailability, prolonging the residence site, effective medication through a small absorption window of GIT, and stimulating local effect in the stomach and duodenum. This review highlighted anatomy and physiology of gastric barrier, various GRDDS approach, merits, demerits for improving drug delivery, and future perspectives. Finally, this review may benefit researchers and industrialists working in this field.
Highlights
The oral route is the most popular drug delivery administration due to the ease of administration [1]
The limitation can be overcome by developing oral sustained-controlled-release formulations to modify drug release time; this slowly releases the medication in the Gastro intestinal I tract (GIT) and maintains effective drug concentration in blood [4]
Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDs) concept was described in early 1962 and shows less bulk density than gastric fluids, so it stays in the stomach longer
Summary
The oral route is the most popular drug delivery administration due to the ease of administration [1]. The bioavailability of drugs in oral dose forms is affected by various circumstances This route has limitations, such as short gastric residence time (GRT) and requiring time for contents to enter the intestine, and reduced absorption [3]. The limitation can be overcome by developing oral sustained-controlled-release formulations to modify drug release time; this slowly releases the medication in the Gastro intestinal I tract (GIT) and maintains effective drug concentration in blood [4]. Such oral drug delivery devices encounter physiological restriction during variable GRT showing the inadequate medicament release from the drug delivery system. This review highlights various GRRDs approaches and methodologies for site-specific delivery of drugs at controlled release
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