MiR-29b Downregulation by p53/Sp1 Complex Plays a Critical Role in Bleb Scar Formation After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery.

Abstract

To investigate the function and mechanism of tumor protein p53 in pathological scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) using human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) and a rabbit GFS model. The expression of p53 in bleb scarring after GFS and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced HTFs (myofibroblasts [MFs]) was examined by western blot and immunochemical analysis. The interaction between p53 and specificity protein 1 (Sp1) was investigated by immunoprecipitation. The role of p53 and Sp1 in the accumulation of collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) and the migration of MFs was evaluated by western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), wound healing, and Transwell assay. The regulatory mechanisms among p53/Sp1 and miR-29b were detected via qRT-PCR, western blot, luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The therapeutic effect of mithramycin A, a specific inhibitor of Sp1, on scarring formation was evaluated in a rabbit GFS model. p53 was upregulated in bleb scar tissue and MFs. p53 and Sp1 form a transcription factor complex that induces the accumulation of COL1A1 and promotes the migration of MFs through downregulation of miR-29b, a known suppressor of COL1A1. The p53/Sp1 axis inhibits miR-29b expression by the direct binding promoter of the miR-29b gene. Mithramycin A treatment attenuated bleb scar formation in vivo. The p53/Sp1/miR-29b signaling pathway plays a critical role in bleb scar formation after GFS. This pathway could be targeted for therapeutic intervention of pathological scarring after GFS. Our research indicates that inhibition of p53/Sp1/miR-29b is a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing post-GFS pathological scarring.